专题10 特殊句式与主谓一致
1．“Never for a second，”the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.” (2013·江苏，27)
A．I doubted B．do I doubt
C．I have doubted D．did I doubt
答案 D
解析 句意为：这个男孩说：“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。故本题要用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时。
2．It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013·大纲全国，30)
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
答案 B
解析 句意为：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。本句为强调句型，强调了时间状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B项。
3．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital. (2013·大纲全国，32)
A．can be the patients treated
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
答案 B
解析 本题考查部分倒装。句意为：只有增加50%的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到恰当的医治。“only＋状语”放于句首时句子须用部分倒装。
4．________small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(2013·天津，5)
A．As B．If
C．Although D．Once
答案 C
解析 考查省略句中的连词选择。句意为：尽管很小，但是这个公司已经在30多个国家有1 000名左右的客户。as意为“因为”；if意为“如果”；although意为“尽管”；once意为“一旦”。
5．At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. (2013·辽宁，26)
A．they actually broke
B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break
D．they had actually broken
答案 C
解析 考查倒装句型。at no time为介词短语，当其位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装；根据第二个句子可知时态为过去时，故选C。
6．The university estimates that living expenses for international students________around $8,450 a year，which________a burden for some of them. (2013·湖南，33)
A．are；is B．are；are
C．is；are D．is；is
答案 A
解析 考查主谓一致。句意为：这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元左右，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语为living expenses指“生活费用”，谓语动词用复数形式；“which________a burden for some of them”是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。
7．Not once________to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
(2013·湖南，35)
A．occurred it B．it did occur
C．it occurred D．did it occur
答案 D
解析 考查倒装的用法。句意为：迈克尔成为班里的第一名这样的情况一次也没有发生过。否定词not置于句首，句子要用部分倒装。
8．Read this story，________you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. (2013·四川，4)
A．or B．and
C．but D．so
答案 B
解析 句意为：(如果你)读这个故事，你将会意识到并非一切东西都能用金钱买到。分析句子结构可知，本题为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构，本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示此条件下的结果，又由句意可知应用连词and。
9．It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
(2013·重庆，27)
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
答案 B
解析 考查强调句型。句意为：是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者才被营救出来。强调句型的结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，故答案为B项。
10．Film has a much shorter history，especially when________such art forms as music and painting.
A．having compared to
B．comparing to
C．compare to
D．compared to
答案 D
解析 句子的主语是film，它和compare之间是被动关系，所以要用被动形式。因此只能选D项。“when compared to...”相当于when引导的状语从句的省略，补全后为：when it is compared to...。句意为：电影的历史短得多，尤其是它与诸如音乐、绘画等艺术形式相比较时。
11．Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________having a holiday abroad.
(2012·辽宁，32)
A．he had considered
B．had he considered
C．he considered
D．did he consider
答案 D
解析 句首是“Not until”，表达否定意义的连词短语位于句首时要用部分倒装，因此可以排除A、C两项。再分析句子结构可知，本空所在是主句部分，结合从句时态可知主句用一般过去时态。句意为：直到在三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。
12．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.
(2012·天津，6)
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
答案 A
解析 句意为：只有当玛丽再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为A项。
13．The basketball coach，as well as his team，________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (2012·陕西，12)
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
答案 B
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数由第一个名词或代词决定。本题中主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数；根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选B。
14．All the photographs in this book，________ stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
(2012·陕西，25)
A．unless B．until
C．once D．if
答案 A
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：除非被特别标明，这本书中所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，unless意为“除非，如果不”，故选A。
15．It was not until I came here ________I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. (2012·湖南，30)
A．who B．that
C．where D．before
答案 B
解析 句意为：直到我来到这儿才意识到，这个地方不仅以它的美而且以它的天气出名。这里是强调结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...；本题强调的是时间状语。
16．All the scientific evidence ________ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ damaging our health. (2012·湖南，35)
A．show；are B．shows；are
C．show；is D．shows；is
答案 D
解析 句意为：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多化学物质的使用正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence“证据(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词应用单数形式shows；宾语从句的主语是use“使用(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词要用is。
17．Never before________seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.(2012·江西，32)
A．had she B．she had
C．has she D．she has
答案 C
解析 句意为：她从来都没有看到过任何人打网球和Robert一样好的。表示否定的副词never等放在句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，且本句时态为一般现在时。故选C项。
18．—Was it by cutting down staff ________ she saved the firm?
—No，it was by improving work efficiency. (2012·上海，37)
A．when B．what
C．how D．that
答案 D
解析 考查特殊句式。本题是强调句，对by cutting down staff进行强调。句意为：——是不是通过裁员她拯救了公司的命运？——不是，是通过提高工作效率。
19．This is not my story，nor ________ the whole story.My story plays out differently.
(2012·四川，5)
A．is there B．there is
C．is it D．it is
答案 C
解析 考查倒装句。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D两项；再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”用代词it指代前面的“this story”。故选C。
20．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.________，we’d better take it to the garage immediately. (2011·江苏，33)
A．Otherwise B．If not
C．But for that D．If so
答案 D
解析 句意为：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们****马上把它开到维修厂(修理一下)。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不是这样的话；but for that要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意。if so如果这样的话，符合句意。if so相当于if something is wrong with the car’s engine。