一、使用全部倒装的情况
1.在there be/lie/stand/live/seem/appear/exist/come/go/seem句型中。如：
There goes the ambulance.救护车来了。
2.表示地点、方向、时间的副词（here, out, in, up, down, back off, away, now, then等）位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词（go, come, leave, move, run, rush, ny, jump等）。如：
Here is a telegram for you.这儿有你一封电报。
Down jumped the man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。
在上述情况中，主语是代词时，则不用倒装。如：
Here you are.给你。
In he came and the meeting began.他进来，会议就开始了。
3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如：
Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。
4.直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如：
"Are you listening to English on the radio?" said Mother.
但，引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时，不倒装。如：
5.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
Long live our great country!伟大的祖国万岁！
二、使用部分倒装的情况
1.only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。如：
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。
但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如：
Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
2.含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首时。如：
Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。
3.not until位于句首时。如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。
在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：
Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
4.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。如：
Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
5.not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。如：
Not only does he teach in school, but hewrites novels.他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。
Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。
6.so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。如：
She hasbeen to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连，我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
但同意对方的看法，表示“是的、确实”之意时，用“so+主语＋be/have／助动词／情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如： —Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany.
—_______________, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she （05安徽）
7.as/thoush引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词／名词／动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如：
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
8.在so/such...that...结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如：
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。
Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。
9.在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时。如：
Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她现在在这儿，她就能照顾她的父母了。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should haveseen you.要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
May you be happy!祝你幸福！ Many a time have I been to Beijing.
Long live our Communist Party! May you be happy!
倒装：
英语中常见的倒装句，除了某些疑问句和以引导词there开头的固定倒装句型外，还有下列一些情况：
1． 在以here, there或out, in, up, down, over, away, off, upstairs / downstairs等副词开头的句子里，表示强调。在这种情况下只需将动词直接提前而并不需要用助动词的帮助来构成倒装。
1) There goes the bell.
2) Here comes the bus.
3) Out rushed the children.
4) Away went the boy.
※ 但在这样的结构中，若主语是人称代词时，只需将被强调的副词提前，而主语和谓语的语序是不变的。如：
1) Here it is. (不能说Here is it.)
2) Away he went. (不能说Away went he.)
2． 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。
1) “What the child said is true,” said the father.
2) “What does it mean?” asked the boy.
3． only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句子开头时。
1) Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
2) Only in this way can you learn from your mistake.
3) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
※ 当only 之后所接的不是状语时不可以用倒装。如：
Only Comrade Zhang knows about it.
4． 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如hardly, never, not, not only, little, seldom, scarcely, barely, no sooner, not once等放在句首时。
1) Never shall I forget it.
2) Not a single mistake did he make.
3) Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. (= No sooner had I reached the bus stop than the bus started.)
4) Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but his German citizenship.
※ 另外，当含有否定意义的状语提前时，谓语也要倒装。
5) By no means (= never) did he go to the countryside with you.
6) Without any money on him did he go to town.
7) Not until his mother came back did he went to bed.
8) At no time(= never) will I give up.
5． 当句首状语或表语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。
1) South of the city lies a big steel factory.
2) Under the desk is your pen.
3) From the valley came a frightening sound.
4) They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
6． 当表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
1) Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other guests.
2) Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
3) Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candies and toys.
7． 用于so, nor, neither, no more 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致
1) She is a tailor. So is her mother.
2) You can ride a car. So can I.
3) The first one is not good, nor is the second.
4) He doesn’t like football, neither do I.
5) If you don’t go there, no more will I. (= You will not go there. I won’t, either.
8． 表示结果so…that或such…that也可以构成倒装。
6) So clever is he that he can do the work well.
7) In such a hurry did he come running that he was out of breath.
※ so that表示目的时，不能用倒装。
9． 当虚拟语气的条件句省略if时可将were, should和had提至句首构成倒装。
1) Were he here, he would help you. (= If he was/were here, …)
2) Should he come tomorrow, what would you do? (= If he should come, …)
3) Had you met him yesterday, you could have learnt more from him. (= If you had met him yesterday, …)
10． Although / Though构成的让步状语从句可以用局部倒装。
1) Pretty as she is, she is not clever. (= Although/Though she is pretty, …)
2) Hard as he worked, he couldn’t support his family. (Though he worked hard, …)
3) Try as he would, he might fail again. (= Though he would try again, …)
4) Child as he is, he knows a lot. (Though he is a child, …)
注意：若表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。
以上各句中的as均可用though, 但as更常用。
※ 在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句较长，也可实行全部倒装。
5) Difficult as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time.
11． 当often, many a time等状语位于句首时也常用倒装。
1) Often does he come to visit me.
2) Many a time have I been to Beijing.
12． 表示祝愿、祈祷的句子常用倒装。
1) Long live our Communist Party!
2) May you be happy!
13． 有时要强调宾语，可以将宾语提至句首，但谓语无须倒装。
That book he kept for himself.
倒装句（Inversion）
1 倒装句之全部倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time，under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意义的单词和短语位于句首时。例如：
Little does he care about what others think。
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house。
Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday。
(2) 在not…until…, no sooner...than..., scarcely/hardly...when..., not only...but also... neither...nor.。.等句式中。例如：
Not until he told me did I know the truth。
Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang。
Not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well。
Neither does he drink nor smoke。
(3) 当only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。例如：
Only then did I find I have made a mistake。
(4) 在 so/such …that…。从句中，当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。例如：
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest。
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也是……”。例如：
Times have changed and so have I。
Eve’s very tall, as was her mother。
(6)当neither, nor位于句首， 表示前面否定的内容也适用与另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也不……”。例如：
They couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor could we。
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were、had、should提到主语前面时。例如：
Had it not been for your help, we shouldn't have achieved so much
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句时。例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot of things。
Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open。
Strange though it may seem, I like housework。
(9)当may放在句首，表达祝愿时。例如：
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能****倒装。例如：
Here he comes. 他来了。
Away they went. 他们走开了。
2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1） Why can\'t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
典型例No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but （also）, no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。
4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you won\'t go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don\'t know, _____.
A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思\"也不关心\"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don\'t 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。
5 only在句首倒装的情况。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意：
1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
7 其他部分倒装
1） so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。
典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn\'t man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn\'t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B。
3） Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don\'t know, ___.
A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also
答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示\"也不\"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。