话题十四　社会热点(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测]Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site's buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee's concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all­round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
1．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?
A．To explain the goal of the organization.
B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
C．To show the positive effect of conservation.
D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
2．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?
A．It took up too much public land of the city.
B．It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C．Its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D．Its architectural solutions couldn't meet safety standards.
3．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development.
B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C．The international urban management and development.
D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
B
[2020·武昌区高三元月调研]Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
 “Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That's according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren't for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth's makeup. Most plastics don't easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn't an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it's possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world's oceans than fishes.
 “Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it's safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
5．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
6．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
7．What is the author's attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative.           B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable.           D．Unconcerned.
8．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2020·石家庄一模]    Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life. __1__ If you're considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
  Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. __2__ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
   __3__ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It's a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
    Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. __4__ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device — pretty cool.
   Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. __5__
　A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we're borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2020·湖南六校联考]   Twenty­five years ago, most young British people wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or to take up singing. But today, things stand 1.________ (different)．
      According to a recent survey, the “dream job” of young people 2.________ (age) between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger(视频博主)”. The survey,  carried out among 1,002 people, found that over 40% of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of dream 3.________ (career)．
  The change is largely due to the rapid development of information technology (IT). The Internet and social media have made it 4.________ (easy) and more convenient to reach a global audience, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.
    “In the past, the biggest stars 5.________ (make) by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera may become a star，” said Phil Samuels, 6.________ expert from UK. “From fashion to comedy, these self­made stars interact online with their fans about everyday life.”
     However, what people see 7.________ (be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact 8.________ only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune. Actually, 9.________ every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block. This is why some young people still show 10.________ (prefer) for traditional jobs.

话题十四　社会热点(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文　题材：社会热点　主题：遗产保护
    【文章大意】　该文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
1．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是在证明这个观点，故选C。
2．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna... launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection”可知，WHC之所以对Wien Mitte项目担忧是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。
3．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述遗产保护和发展的方法。
4．答案与解析：D　考查写作意图。根据第二段第一句“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。
【干扰项分析】　A项错在是为了检验全球城市规划者所面临的挑战，这只是其中例子所体现的问题，而非作者所表达的关键所在；B项错在为了引进保护环境的其他方法，文中未提及；C项错在为了强调历史和记忆价值的重要性，与主题无关，故排除。
B
体裁：议论文　题材：社会生活　主题：塑料时代
【文章大意】在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
    【难句分析】　Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society.
    分析：这是一个复合句。句中“that made the greatest impact on society”是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the technologies or materials。
    译文：几百年来，历史学家和考古学家已经使用对社会造成****影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期。
5．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成****影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾较少，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：A　考查观点态度。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。
8．答案与解析：C　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。
Ⅱ.七选五
体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：图书馆
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。
1．答案与解析：G　根据空前一句“For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。
2．答案与解析：D　根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。
3．答案与解析：A　根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：E　根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times”和空后的“some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。
5．答案与解析：C　根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：“网红”成功的背后
    【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。如今，随着信息技术的发展，年轻人梦想的职业是“网红”。其实，他们忽视了这样一个事实：在“网红”成功的背后，更多的是没有成功的人。
1．答案与解析：differently　考查副词。空处修饰动词“stand”，故用副词形式。
2．答案与解析：aged　考查固定用法。根据句意可知，此处表示16至25岁的年轻人，应用aged。
3．答案与解析：careers　考查名词的单复数。career为可数名词，且结合该句中的“a list of”可知，此处表示多种职业，故用career的复数形式careers。
4．答案与解析：easier　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and more convenient”可知，空处与之并列，也用比较级。
5．答案与解析：were made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“In the past”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时；根据该句中的“by the Hollywood studios”可知，该句主语the biggest stars和动词make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为复数形式，故用were made。
6．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一位来自英国的****”，故用不定冠词；且expert的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．答案与解析：is　考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为“what people see”，是what引导的主语从句，故谓语动词用单数；该句意为：然而，人们所看到的仅是视频博主光鲜的一面，忽视了只有那些成功者才能得到名气和财富这一事实。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，说明抽象名词“fact”的具体内容，故用that引导该同位语从句。
9．答案与解析：for　考查介词。实际上，对于每个成功者而言，有上百名其他人还从未起步。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for“对……来说”。
10．答案与解析：preference　考查词形转换。分析该句结构可知，空处作及物动词show的宾语，故用名词形式。该句意为：这就是一些年轻人仍然喜欢传统工作的原因。