2009年远飞学校名师讲堂高考英语专题
I. 基本知识:
1概念:倒装:在英语中,为了语法或强调的需要,谓语的全部或一部分提到主语只前,叫倒装。全部提前叫全部倒装;一部分叫部分倒装。全部倒装不借助助动词,部分倒装要借助于助动词。从功能上又分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。这里主要讨论修辞倒装。
2全部倒装
2.1.以here, there, now, in ,out, up, down, away, then等副词开头的句子中,句子要倒装,以示强调。习惯上,除以then开头的句子用过去时外,其余一般使用现在时。
There goes the bell.铃声响了。 There comes the bus! 汽车来了。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出来了。 Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。
Then came a new difficulty.接着有个新难题。
[注意] 在这种句型中,如果主语是代词时就不倒装。
Here you are. There he comes.
2.2.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,可以使用倒装。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy. In a big bed of a big room lies a big man。
3.部分倒装.
3.1.never, hardly, not only, nor, little, seldom, nowhere, not until, hardly…when, no sooner…than, by no means等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中,该句主谓要倒装。其句型是:否定或半否定的副词或词组+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
I have never been there. ----Never have I been there.Not a word did he say. Little do I know about it.
Hardly had he left when it began to rain. No sooner had he left than it began to rain.
Not until I came back did he leave.
Not only can sports keep up strong, but also it can make us study better.
其中要注意,not only…but also…连接两个并列分句时,not only 的分句倒装。
Not until放于句首时,后边的主句倒装。
3.2。在以so开头,表示上句中谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中,表示“也一样”“也这样”的句子时要倒装。这种倒装的句型是:…so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
---I like English. ---So do I ---I am Chinese. ----So am I
[注意] 如果两句话叙述的是同一主体同一内容,即后句只是前句的重复时,则不要倒装。
——昨天很热。——是的。It was hot yesterday. So it was
——他工作很努力。——是的。He works hard. So he does.
3.3. 以neither, nor开头的句子,表示“…也不这样”时,句子倒装,其句型是:neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
3.4.only在句首修饰一个状语或状语从句时,该句的住谓要倒装。句型为only+状语/状语从句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语 Only after you told me about it, did I get to know it.
Only then did I know I was wrong. Only in this way can you learn English well.
注意:当only修饰的状语从句放于句首时,后面的主句倒装。
3.5.So…that, such…that 句型中,当such,so 引导的分句放于句首时,such ,so 引导的分句倒装。
So fast did he speak that I couldn’t follow him. Such a good teacher is he that we all like him.
II.从近三年高考英语试题看倒装结构
一、 考查****倒装
所谓****倒装即是整个谓语部分放在主语前面。关键是需要具有识别出****倒装的能力。此部分考点主要是谓语动词的单复数形式应与真正的主语保持一致。考例:
1. At the foot of the mountain________ .(2006四川卷)
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village D. lying a village
2. In the dark forests________ , some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁卷)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
二、 考查部分倒装
考点1: 否定词或带有否定意义的短语放于句首时引起部分倒装。考例:
1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means________with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied (2006重庆卷)
2. Never in my wildest dreams ________these people who are living in such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine (2006 安徽卷)
3. —Did Linda see the traffic accident? —No, no sooner ________than it happened.(2006 天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
4. Never before________in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was (2005上海卷)
5.________snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004上海卷)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
6. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else________such a beautiful palace. (2004辽宁
A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
7. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither________any end to their influence on man’s lives.
A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there (2004广东卷)
考点2: 句首状语若由“only +副词,only +介词短语,only +状语从句”构成,通常引起部分倒装。
1.________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet (2006 浙江卷)
2. Only then ________ how much damage had been caused. (2006 陕西卷)
A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized
3. Only after my friend came________ .
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired (2005福建卷)
考点3: 省略if的虚拟条件句应运用倒装结构。考例:
_______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be (2006 湖北卷)
考点4: 以so开头的 so ... that“如此……以至于”句型中,应运用倒装结构。
1.________homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (2006福建卷)
A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little
2. So difficult________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B did I find C I have found D. have I found (2006广东卷)
3.________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (2005江苏
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
考点5: so / neither / nor位于句首的倒装结构。考例:
1. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? —Yes,________yesterday. (2006福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
2. Mary never does any reading in the evening,________ . (2005全国卷Ⅲ)
A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
3. —I would never come to the restaurant again. The food is terrible! —________. (2004广西卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
考点6: as 意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句的倒装结构。考例:
1.________ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆卷)
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
2.________ , Carolina couldn’t get the door open. (2005广东卷)
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try
总结: as 引导让步状语从句的几种句型:
1) 形容词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词 Young as he is, he knows a lot about history.
2) 过去分词+ as + 主语 + 系动词 Well-written as the book is, its author is not satisfied.
3) 名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词 Girl as he is, she is brave enough to face any difficulty.
4) 副词 + as+主语+谓语 Much as he likes English, he isn’t good at it.
5) 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分(通常是情态动词或助动词)
Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our view.
07
1. If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either B. neither will he C.he neither will D. either he will(全国卷II)
2. that Maric was able to set up new branches clsewhere.
A.So successful her business was B.So successful was her business
C.So her business was successful D.So was her successful business(陕西)
3. --- My room gets very cold at night. --- ___________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does(江苏)
4 Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn't realize C. didn't he realize D. did he realize(安徽)
5.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt(辽宁)
6 Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized (NMET90 --- 19)
7 ----- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother ? ----- I don’t know, _______________.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also (NMET 91 ---17 )
8 Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was. (NMET95----38)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
9 The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other.
A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled (04)
10 Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.
A.so does John B.John does too C.John doesn’t too D.nor does John (05)
08
1__________ you eat the correct foods ___________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. Only if … will you B. Only if … you will C. Unless … will youD. Unless … you will (江苏)
2 It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would be residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted (江西)
3 Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was eitler D. either was I (辽宁)
4. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.
A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop (陕西)
5. Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize(重庆)
09
1. Little _______ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 陕西
A.did Rose care B.Rose did care C.Rose does care D.does Rose care
2. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ______. 上海
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
3. So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape. 山东
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
4. For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. 福建
A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come
10
Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.江西
A.did he begia B.ead he beans C.he began D.he has began
John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. 陕西
A.a girl did stand B. a girl stood C.did a girl stand D. stood a girl
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River ,one of the largest cities in china.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does l Chongqing lie 重庆
11.
1. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and 全国 .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
2. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. 新课标
A. if B. when C. since D. as
3. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______ a decision. 湖南
A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach