词汇知识狂背-保定远飞学校内部资料
     根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。
练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。
能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。

 
必修1 Unit1——Unit2

词汇基础知识狂背：
I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇
1.ignore　v．不顾，不理，忽视
—Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom．
—Just ignore him．You are the most beautiful in my eyes．
—汤姆总是说我很丑，妈妈。
—不管他，你在我眼中是最漂亮的。（多好的句子啊，背过吧！）
2.concern　vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．关注；担心；(利害)关系
He is always concerned about the people around him. 他总是很关心周围的人。
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
3.exactly　adv.确切地，****地；恰好地，正好地；(用于答语)一点儿不错，确实如此
Tell me exactly where she lives. 告诉我她的确切住址。That's exactly what I expected. 那正是我所期待的。
4.settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决
They settled their quarrel in a friendly way. 他们友好地解决了他们的争端。
5.advice　n．[U]忠告；劝告；建议
He gave me some advice. 他给了我一些建议。I advise you to start at once.我建议你立刻出发。
6.base　vt.以……为起点，以……为根据n．基部；基础；基地，地基
This story is based on facts.这故事是有事实根据的。
The company is based in Shanghai.该公司总部设在上海。
7.command　n．&vt.命令；指令；掌握
He commanded his men to go out.他命令手下出去。
He commanded that we (should) come at once.他命令我们立刻来。
8.request　n．& vt.请求；要求
She made a request for some water.她请求给她点水。at one's request/at the request of sb 应某人的请求
request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 request that…(should) do… 请求……
9.recognize　vt.辨认出；承认；公认
I don't recognize this word.What does it mean?我不认识这个单词。它是什么意思？
recognize one's voice/handwriting/sb辨别出某人的声音/笔迹/某人
【即学即练】单句填空
1. Naturally, we were all ________(concern)about him when we heard of the accident.
2. Recently, we have been ________(tire) of the same old breakfast day after day.
3. He had completely ________(ignore) her remarks, preferring his own theory.
4. ________(base) on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.
5. It was not until I walked close to the girl in front of me that I ________(recognize) her.

（2）短语
1. It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是……
It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。
【易混易错】upset的过去式和过去分词是：upset
2.be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念
Our workmate has been in danger. We're all concerned about his health.
我们的工友有危险，我们都关心他的健康。
3.as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
No news is good news as far as I am concerned. 我觉得没有消息就是好消息。
4.suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病
He's suffering from a bad cold.他正患重感冒。
5.be/get/grow crazy about　对……狂热/痴迷
Young people in Britain are crazy about Harry Potter.英国的年轻人对《哈利·波特》的喜爱近乎狂热。
be crazy to do sth做某事是疯狂的
You are crazy to buy a car at such a high price.＝ It is crazy of you to buy a car at such a high price. 这么高的价格买辆车你疯了。
6. on purpose＝purposely　故意(地)
I'm sorry. I'm not on purpose.抱歉，我不是故意的。Maybe he does this on purpose.也许他是故意这么做的。
7.face to face　面对面地
We finally stood face to face. 我们终于面对面地站在了一起。
During the storm I came face to face with death. 在暴风雨中我与死神只有一步之遥。
8.get/be tired of　对……厌烦，厌倦……
I'm tired of this boring life. 我受够了这种枯燥的生活。
9.join in　参加，加入
join in (doing) sth 加入某人（做）某事
I asked John to join me in my walking.我邀请约翰和我一起散步。
10． because of　因为，由于
She was angry because of what he said.因为他说的话她生气了。
John didn't attend the meeting because of his illness.
＝John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议是因为他病了。
11.come up　走近；上来；提出；破土而出，发芽；出现
Your question came up at the meeting. 你的问题在会议上被提出来了。
I'll let you know if anything comes up. 如果有任何事情发生，我会告诉你的。
12．even if
We'll make a trip even if/though it's bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。
Even if (I'm) invited, I will not attend his wedding. 即使被邀请，我也不去参加他的婚礼。
13．such as　例如……；像这种的
He can speak several languages, such as English and Japanese. 他能说几种语言，如英语和日语。
【即学即练】语法填空
1. We were ________(suffer) from a lack of balance between knowledge and wisdom.
2. More employees resign because ________ a relationship conflict.
3. He kept yawning (打哈欠) in class this morning. That is ________ he stayed up late doing his homework last night.
4. China’s import of American agricultural produce, ________ soybean, wheat and cotton in large quantities provides a huge market for American farmers.
5. It seems that people are going to have problems finding a job ________ they get A levels at school.

（3）易混易错点拨
1. calm/quiet/still/silent
这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。
(1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。
(2)quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。
(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。
(4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。
(1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep ______.
(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a ______ voice.
(3)John is a ______， thoughtful boy.
(4)Please stand ______ while I am ready to take the photograph.
Quiet calm silent still
2. power/right/strength/force/energy
(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。
(2)right指“权利”。
(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。
(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。
(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
(1)You’ll need to apply all your ______ to this job.
(2)You have no ______ to treat me like this.
(3)Congress has ______ to declare war.
(4)The ______ of the explosion broke all the windows.
(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and ________.
Energy right power force strength
3. join in/take part in/attend/join
(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。也可用 join sb. in doing sth.。
(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。
(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
(4)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是 the army/Party/team/club/sb.。
(1)Would you ______ us ______ the game?
(2)All the students ______________________ school activities.
(3)There are many people __________ the meeting.
(4)My brother ______ the army last year.
Join in took an active part in attending joined
4. recognize/realize/know
(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。
(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。
(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。
(1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.
(2)I've ________________ Tom for years.
(3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room.
Realize known recognized
5. such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。
(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
that is for example such as and so on
II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）
Unit 1
have got to 不得不；必须loose adj. 松的；松开的outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣n．雷；雷声entire adj. 整个的；****的；全部的entirely adv. ****地；全然地；整个地power n. 能力；力量；权力curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布dusty adj. 积满灰尘的partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞highway n. 公路；大路recover vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱teenager n. 十几岁的青少年disagree vi. 不同意grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的dislike n. & vt. 不喜欢；厌恶tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；****；小费vt. 倾斜；翻倒secondly adv. 第二；其次swap vt. 交换
Unit 2
elevator n. 电梯；升降机petrol n. <英>汽油（=<美>gasoline）official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的voyage n. 航行；航海native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人apartment n. <美> 公寓住宅；单元住宅
actually adv. 实际上；事实上gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表spelling n. 拼写；拼法latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的identity n. 本身；本体；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的frequently adv. 常常；频繁地expression n. 词语；表示；表达midwestern adj. 中西部的有中西部特性的
eastern adj. 东方的；东部的southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的lorry n. <英>卡车（=<美>truck）lightning n. 闪电block n. 街区；块；木块；石块cab n. 出租车
III.重点句型背诵
1.when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。
She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。
I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。
2.should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。
②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。
拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。
(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。
(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。
(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。
(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。
(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。
3．It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。
①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.
这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。
③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.
那将是我第二次获得该奖。
提示：(1) It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。
(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。
(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。
He was cheated for the first time.
他第一次被骗了。
4. “with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。
①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。
②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。
③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。
④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。
⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。
⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。
能力提升——测一测
I.单词拼写
1．The snow is very ______(疏松) and there is a lot of air in it.
2．His life is _________(****地) given up to work.
3．The ___________(幕布) rises and the play begins.
4．That's __________(正是) what I expected.
5．To send me to college, my parents _________(受苦) a lot.
6．Our workmate has been in danger. We're all c_____________ about his health.
7．They come from Germany. They are G____________.
8．On hot summer nights, people like to sit o____________， chatting and enjoying the cool air.
9．I'm g ________________ for your help.
10．Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called t_________________.
11．A lot of students p_______________ at the meeting took part in the discussion.
12．The tall tree was struck by l___________ and broke.
13．The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p__________ at the filling station.
14．Go up in an e_______________ to the fifth floor.
15．He looked calm, but a__________ he was very nervous.
16．In the word “happy” the _________(重音) is on the first syllable.
17．He has a poor _________________(词汇), so he can't express himself correctly.
18．The gentlemen disclosed their own __________(身份)．
19．Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the ___________(惯用法) of English.
20．Though he is not a ___________(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.


II.语法填空
阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has played an important part ________ international affairs in a responsible manner.
2. He has a habit of setting ________ everything that happened in his diary.
3. The old man is said to have gone ________ untold hardships before liberation.
4. It is reported that the police are looking into a series ________ attacks in that area.
5. She requested that no one ________(tell) of her decision until the next meeting.
6. Mr. Smith doesn’t live here any longer. That is, he ________ lives here.
7.What surprised me was not what he said but the way ________ he said it.
8. His wife ________(fall) in love with the house the moment she saw it.
9. I want very much to discuss this problem with him face ________ face.
10. Did you break the vase ________ purpose or by accident?
11. ________ catch the last bus, Tom hurried through his work.
12. Jane has got such a bad temper that her colleagues find it hard to get ________ well with her.
13. Tom joined his father ________ helping to make the business a success.
14. He is now in hospital, ________(recover) from a heart attack.
15. The money collected should be made good use of ________(help) the people who suffered a lot in the terrible flood in Beijing on the night of July 21, 2012, which caused great losses.
16. This is the first time we ________(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
17. When ________(compare) his handwriting with mine, I realize he makes rapid progress.
18. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________(interest) in his lectures.
19. There was a time ________ I hated to go to school.
20. The book ________(translate) into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
21. In the good care of the nurse, the boy is ________(gradual) recovering from his heart operation.
22. I’ll be late home tonight because something unexpected has just come ________.
23. I only intended to be there for a few days, but ________(act) I ended up staying there for a whole month.
24. We are not sure whether the treatment has been successful. Only time will ________(tell).
25. The boy looked at his Christmas gift with an ________(express) of satisfaction.
26. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
27. China is now taking a path towards peace and development and has never threatened any country in the past and ________ present, and will never do so in the future.
28. The librarian commanded that the books borrowed from the library _______(return) as soon as possible.
29. As is known to all language learners, the newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless ________(frequent) used in everyday communication.
30. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strength.
答案 1. in 2. down 3. through 4. of 5. (should) be told 6. no longer 7. that/in which 8. fell 9. to 10. on 11. In order to 12. along/on 13. In 14. recovering 15. to help 16. have seen 17. comparing 18. Interested 19. when 20. has been translated 21. gradually 22. up 23. actually 24. tell 25. expression 26. in which 27. At 28. (should) be returned 29. frequently 30. who
III.句型填空（用动词的正确形式填空）
1.When first ______ （introduce）to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

2.Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ （eat）so much fried chicken just now.
答案shouldn't have eaten 解析：由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。
3.This is the first time that I ______ （be）to the Great Wall.
答案have been解析：This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。
4.With five minutes ______（go） before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
答案to go解析：本题考查with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。
IV．语法填空
【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have never understood city-lovers. For me a city is a place to visit for a few hours, to go___1___(shop), to see special exhibitions, etc. but it’s not a place to live in,___2___though thousands do. Usually they ___3___(tie)to the city by their jobs or perhaps even by family.
There are so many advantages to living in the country. It is quiet and healthy. There is far less traffic on the road and the air is much___4___(fresh). Instead of buying everything in packets from a supermarket, in the country we can always buy fresh food from farms, or village shops every day. The people in the country are always to polite and you will love the ___5___ (friendly) of the people, too.
On the other hand, there are so many___6___(disadvantage) to living in a town or a city. ___7___most country people notice is the noise and dirt in the city. And many country people find it hard___8___(breath)in the city. People always seem to be in a rush, which is stressful.
There are so many advantages to living in the country that it is ___9___(mystery) to me___10___some country people say they would like to live in the city.
【答案】1. shopping 2. even 3. are tied 4. fresher 5. friendliness 6. disadvantages
7. What 8. to breathe 9. mysterious 10. why
【解析】作者在文中分析了在城市居住的缺点和在农村居住的优势。
1. shopping考查动词形式。go shopping“去购物”，是固定短语。故填shopping.
2. even考查副词。此处指城市不是一个适合居住的地方，即使上千人这样做。even though “虽然，即使”，是固定短语，故填even.
3. are tied.考查被动语态。句中they和动词tie是被动关系，指这些人由于工作或家庭原因被和城市连在一起。在句中作谓语用被动语态，故填are tied.

7. What.考查代词。此处指多数农村人们注意的东西是噪音和尘土，代指什么，故填What.
8. to breathe.考查动词不定式。句中it是形式宾语，hard是宾补，不定式作宾补。指许多农村人发现在城市呼吸困难，故填不定式to breathe.
9. mysterious.考查形容词。此处是形容词作表语，指对我来说是神秘的，故填mysterious.
10. why.考查副词。此处指为什么一些农村人想住在城市里居住是个谜，此处表原因，故填why.
V.短文改错
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2018届高三年级元月调研】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每次错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Li Hua,
I’m pretty delighting to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I’ve been thinking about a question you asked me. In your opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people as you. For other reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look your parent as they are getting old. Therefore, I think it’s a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting?
Best wishes!
John
【答案】delighting改成delighted
a 改成 the
your 改成 my
before 改成 after
bad 改成 badly
as 改成 like
a great many of 去掉 of
other 改成 another
parent 改成 parents
waiting 后面加上 for

小题4 考查引导词。建议对方完成学业之后回国，故before 改成 after。
小题5 考查副词。副词修饰动词，表示“急需”。故bad 改成 badly。
小题6考查介词。 a great many “许多”是固定短语，故a great many of 去掉 of。
小题7 考查介词。代词前用介词，like是“像你一样”， 故as 改成 like。
小题8 考查代词。 表示另一个用another，而other是其它的，修饰复数名词，故other 改成 another。
小题9 考查名词。 父母是复数，故parent 改成 parents。
小题10 考查介词。等待wait for， 故waiting 后面加上 for。
VI.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）
Mrs Wilson，
I'm going out shopping, and （1）我大约下午5点才回来________________________________.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 o'clock this afternoon, Tracy called, （2）racy打电话说，她明天早上不能在Bolton Coffee见你，因为她有重要的事情要处理__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. （3）你一回来，她就想让你给她会电话_____________________________________________________________________________________She has already told Susan about this change.
Li Hua
答案：
（1）won't be back until about 5：00 pm.（高级句型not. . .until. . .）
（2）saying that she couldn't meet you at the Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she had something important to attend to.（现在分词短语作状语，as引导的原因状语从句）
（3）She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.（高级句型. . .as soon as . . .）