话题五　饮食与健康(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　　　　　　　　　
A
[2020·安徽重点中学盟校模拟]On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problem­solving and decision­making.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short­term and long­term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long­term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
1．What is David Strayer's opinion?
A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C．New technologies are a double­edged sword.
D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
2．Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?
A．To try another lifestyle.
B．To refresh our brain.
C．To make better decisions.
D．To play with our family and friends.
3．What does the underlined word “regenerative”  mean?
A．Reborn.              B．Memorable.
C．Remarkable.           D．Tiring.
4．Which is the proper title for the passage?
A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain
B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory
C．Tips on Using New Technologies
D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain
B
[2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题]    Laura Sides was a psychology major at the University of Nottingham in 2004. She first noticed signs of her dad's developing dementia(痴呆) when she moved to Nottingham. She said, “Dad was a doctor, so he knew exactly what was happening to him, but people try to hide it when they are ill. Then, I came home for my 21st birthday and arranged to meet him, but he never showed up as he'd forgotten. That's when I knew something serious was happening.”
    So, aged 21, she decided to leave university and look after him herself. She lived close by, popping in every day to make sure he was eating, and that the house was tidy, before heading off to her work.
 Besides challenging moments, there were times when looking after her dad was a pure joy. “We'd wake up, I'd ask what he wanted to do that day, and however ridiculous the adventure, off we'd go.”
        Sadly, in 2009, 5 years later, Laura lost her father. Before he died, Laura went to a hospital appointment with him, where doctors mentioned that his form of Alzheimer's was genetic meaning there was a fifty­fifty chance that she had inherited it. For several years Laura agonised over whether to be tested, finally finding out in August 2017 that she has the APP gene, meaning that, like him, she will develop the condition within a decade.
    At first, she struggled, feeling as if she lacked purpose. Then, during a sleepless night in the summer of 2018, she decided at around 2 a. m. to enter the 2019 London Marathon sponsored by the charities Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK.
   She hoped to start the conversation around early­onset Alzheimer's and to encourage people to talk about it more openly. “I remember when Dad was ill, people wouldn't know how to react and it all felt very hidden away, but I want to be  honest an open.” She added,  “The more information we can get, the less of a taboo(忌讳) this will feel. That said, the support I've received so far after going public has been amazing — that's what is carrying me through.”
5．Laura noticed her father's dementia when ________.
A．her father told her his condition in person
B．people nearby informed her of his father's condition
C．her father forgot his own birthday party
D．her father forgot to attend her 21­year­old birthday
party
6．The underlined word “agonised” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．excited                 B．struggled
C．shocked                D．delighted
7．Laura started the open talk in the hope of ________.
A．getting people to talk about Alzheimer's openly
B．earning some money to help treat her Alzheimer's
C．making herself stronger to fight against Alzheimer's
D．raising funds for charities Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK
8．Which words can best describe Laura?
A．Caring and positive.            B．Careful and honest.
C．Patient and cautious.          D．Devoted and modest.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2020·安徽重点中学盟校模拟]
Making Your Way Through the Lunchroom
What's everyone's favorite period? Lunch, what else?
__1__， if foods like pizza, or cheeseburgers(奶酪汉堡) are in front of you when you're most hungry. Here are some tricks to choose foods that will keep you focused and active throughout the day.
__2__. If your school cafeteria provides a weekly or monthly menu, check it out. Knowing what's on the menu puts you in control. You can pick and choose when you want to buy lunch and when you want to bring your own.
Head for the salad bar. __3__. If you'd rather pack, consider adding carrot sticks, a piece of fresh fruit, or purple cabbage to your lunch bag. Do remember not to put too much salad dressing.
Take the energy into consideration. Some foods are better choices than others for obtaining energy during the day. Choose low­fat foods, like chicken, beans, or low­fat milk products and add lots of fruits and vegetables to your meal. __4__. Foods, like sugary snacks(小吃) or French fries, may give you a quick rush of energy but it's not lasting — which means you'll be left wanting more soon after you eat.
Stop for a snack. You can't concentrate without a well­fed mind and body. So take along a healthy snack, like carrot sticks, to fight hunger between classes. __5__.
　A．Get a copy of the menu
B．Make a menu for your school cafeteria
C．But it can be hard to make healthy choices
D．If your school offers one, take advantage of it
E．You may take away whatever you get interested in
F．It will keep you going and help avoid overeating when  mealtime arrives
G．They'll provide the minerals you need and the energy to get through the day
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2020·福建三校联考]     Researchers have discovered the people with the 1.________ (healthy) hearts in the world. The Tsimané people live in the Amazon basin of Bolivia and have almost no risk of serious heart disease because 2.________ their plant­based diet and high levels of physical activity. Besides 3.________ (have) a healthy heart, the Tsimané also have low blood pressure and low blood sugar. This 4.________ (mean) they are free of many of the diseases and conditions 5.________ kill hundreds of millions around the world. A study showed that an 80­year­old Tsimané person has 6.________ same cardiovascular(心血管的) age as an American in his mid­50s.
The study on the Tsimané was published in the medical journal The Lancet. The study co­author Dr Gregory S. Thomas stated, “This study suggests that some diseases could 7.________ (avoid) if people adopted some elements of the Tsimané lifestyle, such as keeping their blood pressure and blood sugar very low, not smoking and being 8.________ (physical) active.” He added, “It may not be possible for people in the industrialised world 9.________ (copy) the Tsimané community's way of life, but there are certainly 10.________ (aspect) of their diet and lifestyle that we can better bring into our lives to help reduce our risk of heart disease.”

话题五　饮食与健康(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文　题材：健康生活　主题：让大脑休息
    【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。
    【难句分析】　Using an electronic device to answer emails，listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problem­solving and decision­making.
    分析：这是一个较长的复合句。主句使用了动名词短语Using an electronic device作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front of the brain。
    译文：使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、看社交媒体，给大脑前端(前额叶)带来了很大的压力，Strayer解释说，这个区域对于批判思考、解决问题和作决策都至关重要。
1．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项C正确。
2．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。依据前两段可知，过多使用电子设备会导致大脑疲劳，根据第三段可知，我们需要让大脑休息一下，而走进大自然可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离电子设备，从而让大脑恢复活力，因此选B项。
3．答案与解析：A　考查词义猜测。画线词所在段中作者列举Carl的事例说明，户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example... two children”暗示着，Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项，画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。
4．答案与解析：D　考查标题判断。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，给大脑一个休息时间。文中更是用Carl和Kate的事例说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。
B
体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——勇敢面对阿尔茨海默病
    【文章大意】　Laura Sides在读大学期间，父亲患上了阿尔茨海默病，她休学悉心照料父亲直到他去世；后来她被医生告知自己在十年后也会患上同样的病。短暂的痛苦之后，她便振作了起来，积极面对生活，参加马拉松比赛，并且进行阿尔茨海默病方面的公开对话，鼓励人们公开谈论这种病，而不是回避它。
    【高级句式】　Before he died，Laura went to a hospital appointment with him, where doctors mentioned that his form of Alzheimer's was genetic, meaning there was a fifty­fifty chance that she had inherited it.(Para.4)
分析：这是一个主从复合句。Before引导了一个时间状语从句；关系副词where引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a hospital appointment；该定语从句中，that引导宾语从句，作mentioned的宾语；meaning... she had inherited it是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中there was a．.. it是省略了连词that的宾语从句，且that she had inherited it作chance的同位语。
5．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后两句“Then, I came home for my 21st birthday... That's when I knew something serious was happening”可知，Laura的父亲忘记参加女儿的21岁生日会，在那时Laura意识到父亲已患病，故选D。
6．答案与解析：B　考查词义猜测。根据上文中的“there was a fifty­fifty chance that she had inherited it”可知，医生告知Laura，她有百分之五十患病的几率，并结合画线词所在句中的“whether to be tested”可推知，此处表示Laura多年来苦苦思索是否去检查一下，与B项词义接近。
7．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词open talk定位到文章的最后一段。根据该段首句“She hoped to start the conversation around early­onset Alzheimer's and to encourage people to talk about it more openly”可知，作者公开谈论阿尔茨海默病是为了鼓励人们公开谈论此病，故答案是A。
8．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。通读全文内容可知，Laura在得知父亲患阿尔茨海默病后休学来悉心照料他直至他去世，后来得知自己也会得阿尔茨海默病后，挣扎后便振作起来，先是决定参加马拉松比赛，接着针对这种病进行公开对话，鼓励人们更加公开地谈论它，而不是回避它。由此可推知，作者是一个关心他人又积极向上的人，故答案是A。
Ⅱ.七选五
体裁：说明文　题材：健康饮食　主题：如何选择食物
    【文章大意】　这是一篇说明文，作者就如何在学校选择合适的食物提出了建议。
1．答案与解析：C　依据下文的“Here are some tricks to choose foods that will keep...the day”可知，之所以作者给读者提出建议，是因为这些食物如果摆在饥饿的读者面前，读者很难作出健康的选择，因此选C项。
2．答案与解析：A　后一句中作者建议查看学校餐厅提供的每周或每月的菜单，这样有助于提前作出决定，因此这里指得到一份菜单，故选A项。虽然B项也提到菜单，但是“你给学校餐厅提供菜单”不符合实际情况和语境。
3．答案与解析：D　本段的主题句是“Head for the salad bar”，D项正是建议你利用学校的沙拉售货台。故选D。
4．答案与解析：G　本段的主题句说明了选择食物时要考虑食物所能提供的能量。前一句表明“选择低脂肪的食物，如鸡肉、豆类或低脂奶制品，并在食物中加入大量的水果和蔬菜”，G项中的They指的是上文提到的这些食物，同时也阐述了这些食物含有身体需要的矿物质和能量。
5．答案与解析：F　由上文的“take along a healthy snack... to fight hunger between classes”可知，吃一些健康的零食能够缓解饥饿，补充体力，F项中的“It”指代前面的“a healthy snack”，因此F项符合此处语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
体裁：说明文　题材：健康　主题：最健康的心脏
    【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了一项健康研究报告——Tsimané人有世界上最健康的心脏。
1．答案与解析：healthiest　考查形容词的******。根据空前的“the”，并结合下文“have almost no risk of serious heart disease”可推知，此处表示最健康的心脏，故用形容词的******。
2．答案与解析：of　考查介词。此处考查固定词组because of，意为“因为”，后跟名词、名词短语、代词或动名词作宾语。故用介词of。
3．答案与解析：having　考查非谓语动词。此处“Besides”是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词having。
4．答案与解析：means　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“are”可知，此处陈述客观的情况，故用一般现在时；且主语This为单数，故填means。
5．答案与解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词many of the diseases and conditions，且在从句中作主语，故用that/which来引导该从句。
6．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。the same... as... 意为“与……相同”，为固定用法，故用定冠词the。
7．答案与解析：be avoided　考查动词的语态。分析该句结构可知，avoid和从句中的主语some diseases构成被动关系，故用被动语态；且其前有情态动词could，故填be avoided。
8．答案与解析：physically　考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词physically修饰形容词active，在句子中作状语。
9．答案与解析：to copy　考查非谓语动词。根据固定句型It is＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.意为“做……对某人来讲是……的”，It作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填to copy。
10．答案与解析：aspects　考查名词的单复数。aspect是可数名词，且该句中的谓语动词“are”为复数形式，故用其复数形式。